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The efficacy and functions of the Flammulina velutipes Extract
2025-03-13
Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects:
Compounds with antitumor activity were isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus, including Pleurotus polysaccharides, fungal immunomodulatory proteins, steroid compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, glycoproteins, etc. The purified Pleurotus polysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus have significant antitumor activity. They mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by functions such as antioxidation and free radical scavenging, interfere with the biochemical metabolism and mitosis of tumor cells, and induce tumor cell apoptosis to resist tumors.
The dietary fiber in shiitake mushrooms cannot be decomposed and digested by enzymes in the human body or absorbed by the digestive tract. However, it can combine with cholesterol and bile acids to reduce the accumulation of bile acids in the liver of the human body, promote the metabolism of cholesterol into bile acids, lower the cholesterol content in the small intestine of the human body, and interfere with the absorption of lipids by the small intestine. The polyphenolic compounds extracted from shiitake mushrooms by Rahman et al. also have the effect of delaying LDL oxidation and have the potential for treating atherosclerosis.
Mushroom polysaccharides can effectively improve the memory dysfunction caused by scopolamine in rats. By treating rats with mushroom polysaccharides, it can effectively prevent the reduction of antioxidant defense enzyme activity in rats, stop the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances caused by scopolamine in rats, improve the oxidative stress response in the brain, and provide a drug basis for treating brain injury diseases such as Alzheimer's disease caused by the loss of basal ganglia cholinergic neurons and the production of reactive oxygen species and imbalance of oxidative enzymes in the brain.
The ergothioneine found in shiitake mushrooms can significantly reduce the activity of polyphenol oxidase, preventing the melanin deposition or browning of seafood such as shrimp and crabs caused by polyphenol oxidase. Shiitake mushroom extract is a very good natural preparation for anti-melanin and anti-browning, and has great application potential in the food industry. In addition, shiitake mushroom extract also has application prospects in the whitening cosmetics industry.
Protecting the Liver:
In recent years, lentinan polysaccharides have also been found to have the function of protecting the liver. Pang et al. isolated α(1→4)-D-glucan from Lentinus edodes, which is a water-soluble polysaccharide FVP2. It can enhance the growth of primary liver cells in mice and inhibit the release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the liver cells of mice caused by acute liver injury by carbon tetrachloride. ALT is mainly present in liver cells, and the damage or necrosis of liver cells will cause an increase in ALT concentration. ALT is an indicator for measuring the degree of liver cell damage. In addition, lentinan polysaccharides can also increase the superoxide dismutase activity of liver cells, enhance the ability of cells to remove free radicals, reduce the damage of free radicals to cell membranes, inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions, and have the effects of protecting and healing the liver.
Anti-skeletal muscle fatigue:
Mushroom polysaccharides have the effect of delaying skeletal muscle fatigue. Somebody used electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle of toads as a fatigue model. The solution of mushroom polysaccharides could significantly reduce the contraction amplitude of the gastrocnemius muscle and had a dose-dependent effect. In addition, mushroom polysaccharides could significantly reduce the serum creatine kinase and urea nitrogen content of rats with exercise fatigue through immune regulatory effects, increase the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood of rats, accelerate the clearance of blood lactate during the recovery period after exercise, and promote functional recovery. The delaying effect of mushroom polysaccharides on skeletal muscle fatigue and the regulatory effect on blood-related factors provide a theoretical basis for the research on eliminating exercise fatigue and reducing exercise injuries.
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