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Mannose in Focus: Key Applications and Bioactive Components
2025-07-02
I: Basic Introduction
D-Mannoseis a natural monosaccharide with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, belonging to the C-2 differential isomer of glucose, and is about 63% as sweet as sucrose. It is widely found in coconut, citrus fruits, cranberries and other plants, and can also be extracted by hydrolyzing plant polysaccharides.
II: Chemical function of D-Mannose
1: Metabolic path: After entering the body, D-Mannoseis phosphorylated by hexokinase to generate D-Mannose6-phosphate, which is involved in glycolysis or glycoprotein synthesis. Unlike glucose, its metabolism is slower and not easy to be converted into glycogen or fat.
Biological roles:
1: Glycoprotein synthesis precursor: involved in the synthesis of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, essential for cellular recognition of immune responses and signaling.
2: Urinary system health: Studies have shown that D-Mannosecan bind to the hairs of pathogenic E. coli (e.g. UTI strains) in the urinary tract, preventing them from adhering to the uroepithelial cells and reducing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI).
III: Cross-border applications:
1: Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention: As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used for the prevention of recurrent UTIs (especially for women), and has been shown in clinical studies to reduce bacterial adhesion.
Immunomodulation: Some studies suggest that it may be involved in the activation of immune cells, but the mechanism needs to be further verified. Rare Disease Treatment: Used in the treatment of “phosphoD-Mannosetranslocase deficiency” (a congenital disorder of glycosylation).
2:Food Industry: Low calorie sweetener (Glycemic Index GI=30, lower than glucose) for diabetics or people on a low sugar diet.
3: Scientific research and biotechnology: as a component of cell culture media to support the growth of specific cells (e.g. hybridoma cells).
Used in glycobiology research to label glycoproteins or analyze the structure of sugar chains.
D-Mannoseis a naturally occurring monosaccharide with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, commonly found in fruits such as coconuts and citrus, but also extracted from plant polysaccharides. It is a differential isomer of glucose, is about 63% as sweet as sucrose, and is metabolized slowly. D-Mannoseis involved in glycoprotein synthesis in the body and is often used as an ingredient in supplements to prevent urinary tract infections, especially due to its ability to prevent Escherichia coli from adhering to the urinary tract, as well as being a low-calorie sweetener suitable for diabetics. Its safety profile is favorable, and although its mechanism and clinical effects still require in-depth study, rational intake has been shown to be positive for specific populations (e.g., those at high risk of UTI). In the future, with the development of glycobiology and precision medicine, the potential of D-Mannosein disease prevention and treatment is worth looking forward to.
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